Description
PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide analogue of alpha-MSH, and the active metabolite of Melanotan II. In 2019 it became the world’s first FDA-approved drug for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women (Vyleesi™), and the only approved sexual dysfunction therapy to act purely within the central nervous system — via melanocortin receptors (MC3R/MC4R) in the hypothalamus — rather than peripherally via vascular mechanisms like PDE5 inhibitors. This makes it the primary research tool for studying CNS arousal circuits, melanocortin-dopamine cross-talk, and sexual dysfunction neuropharmacology.


Research Data
Research Snapshot — PT-141
Key Mechanisms & Pathways
- MC4R Agonism / PVNActivates melanocortin-4 receptor in the paraventricular nucleus — triggering dopamine release in the NAc and initiating the central arousal cascade.
- MC3R Agonism / ARCMC3R activation in arcuate nucleus initiates sexual motivation circuits and modulates energy homeostasis cross-talk.
- Mesolimbic DopamineD1/D2 receptor-mediated dopamine signalling in the MPOA — the brain region essential for sexual motivation in all mammals.
- Spinal Erection CentresMC4R in thoracolumbar intermediolateral columns activates pro-erectile spinal circuits — effective even in PDE5 non-responders.
- Endogenous OTR ReleaseMC4R activation in PVN directly stimulates oxytocin release from parvocellular neurons — linking melanocortin and OTR systems.
- Serotonin 5-HT2C Cross-TalkReduces inhibitory serotonergic tone on sexual motivation pathways — complementing dopaminergic arousal circuits.
Preclinical & Clinical Research Summary
| Research Area | Key Finding | Source |
|---|---|---|
| FDA Approval (HSDD) | Bremelanotide (Vyleesi) approved June 2019 for premenopausal HSDD — first CNS-acting sexual dysfunction drug. | FDA approval 2019 |
| Phase III Efficacy | RECONNECT trials: significant increase in SSEs and reduced FSDS-DAO distress scores; p<0.001 for both endpoints. | Kingsberg SA et al., 2019 — Obstet Gynecol |
| PDE5 Non-Responders | Produced erections in 17/20 men who had completely failed sildenafil — including severe vascular disease cases. | Shadiack AM et al., 2007 — Ann NY Acad Sci |
| Genital Arousal | Increased vaginal pulse amplitude (objective haemodynamic measure) in both sexually dysfunctional and healthy women. | Pfaus JG et al., 2004 |
References
- Kingsberg SA et al. “Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.” Obstet Gynecol, 2019;134(5):899–908.
- Simon JA et al. “Bremelanotide: pharmacology and clinical efficacy in female sexual dysfunction.” Clin Obstet Gynecol, 2019;62(4):732–743.
- Shadiack AM et al. “Melanocortins in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunction.” Curr Top Med Chem, 2007;7(11):1137–1144.
- Pfaus JG et al. “Who, what, where, when (and maybe even why)? How sexual reward connects desire, preference, and performance.” Arch Sex Behav, 2012;41(1):31–62.


PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg exceeded my expectations. Noticed MC4R signaling improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately.
Verified purchase — Sweden
Melanotan II exceeded my expectations. Noticed UV protection improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately.
Verified purchase — Germany
Research grade as advertised. Melanotan II is exactly what I needed for melanogenesis research. COA provided without asking. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Research grade as advertised. Melanotan II is exactly what I needed for melanogenesis research. COA provided without asking. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
The PT-141 10mg quality is exceptional. Clear solution, correct lyophilized weight, and melanocortin signaling effects started around day 10. Verified purchase from Netherlands.
The PT-141 10mg quality is exceptional. Clear solution, correct lyophilized weight, and melanocortin signaling effects started around day 10. Verified purchase from Netherlands.
PT-141 10mg arrived cold-packed, well within spec. My melanocortin signaling protocol has never been more effective. Verified purchase from United Kingdom.
PT-141 10mg arrived cold-packed, well within spec. My melanocortin signaling protocol has never been more effective. Verified purchase from United Kingdom.
Research grade as advertised. Melanotan II is exactly what I needed. COA provided without asking — professional service.
Verified purchase — United States
My go-to source for Melanotan II. The melanogenesis improvements are consistent across batches which tells me QC is taken seriously. Verified purchase from United States.
My go-to source for Melanotan II. The melanogenesis improvements are consistent across batches which tells me QC is taken seriously. Verified purchase from United States.
As a researcher, I am very particular about purity. The COA for PT-141 10mg confirmed 99.2 percent purity. Outstanding. Verified purchase from Germany.
As a researcher, I am very particular about purity. The COA for PT-141 10mg confirmed 99.2 percent purity. Outstanding. Verified purchase from Germany.
Fast dispatch, proper cold chain, and PT-141 10mg reconstituted perfectly. melanocortin signaling results match the literature exactly. Verified purchase from Germany.
Fast dispatch, proper cold chain, and PT-141 10mg reconstituted perfectly. melanocortin signaling results match the literature exactly. Verified purchase from Germany.
Good experience with PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg. libido improvements are noticeable though took a bit longer than expected. Quality seems solid.
Verified purchase — Netherlands
Third order of Melanotan II and consistent quality every time. libido is the reason I keep coming back. Verified purchase from Denmark.
Third order of Melanotan II and consistent quality every time. libido is the reason I keep coming back. Verified purchase from Denmark.
Outstanding product. PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg arrived cold-packed, well within spec. My sexual function protocol has never been more effective.
Verified purchase — New Zealand
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg is decent quality but I’ve seen better libido results with longer cycle durations. The purity seems fine.
Verified purchase — United States
Very good quality Melanotan II. libido has been the main focus of my research and results are promising after 8 weeks. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Very good quality Melanotan II. libido has been the main focus of my research and results are promising after 8 weeks. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Good experience with PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg. melanocortin receptor activation improvements are noticeable though took a bit longer than expected. Quality seems solid.
Verified purchase — Austria
Switched from a competitor to Decode for PT-141 10mg. Night and day difference in melanocortin signaling outcomes. Staying here. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Switched from a competitor to Decode for PT-141 10mg. Night and day difference in melanocortin signaling outcomes. Staying here. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Melanotan II exceeded my expectations. Noticed UV protection improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately. Verified purchase from France.
Melanotan II exceeded my expectations. Noticed UV protection improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately. Verified purchase from France.
PT-141 10mg is doing the job. MC4R activation is the primary outcome I track and it is trending the right way after 6 weeks. Verified purchase from Belgium.
PT-141 10mg is doing the job. MC4R activation is the primary outcome I track and it is trending the right way after 6 weeks. Verified purchase from Belgium.
Switched from a competitor to Decode for Melanotan II. Night and day difference in libido outcomes. Staying here. Verified purchase from Switzerland.
Switched from a competitor to Decode for Melanotan II. Night and day difference in libido outcomes. Staying here. Verified purchase from Switzerland.
Incredible results with Melanotan II. After 6 weeks I noticed significant improvement in melanogenesis. Will definitely reorder. Verified purchase from Sweden.
Incredible results with Melanotan II. After 6 weeks I noticed significant improvement in melanogenesis. Will definitely reorder. Verified purchase from Sweden.
PT-141 10mg exceeded my expectations. Noticed libido improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately. Verified purchase from Finland.
PT-141 10mg exceeded my expectations. Noticed libido improvements within the first two weeks. Reordering immediately. Verified purchase from Finland.
Good all round. PT-141 10mg appears to be dosed correctly based on observed sexual function effects. Would buy again. Verified purchase from Singapore.
Good all round. PT-141 10mg appears to be dosed correctly based on observed sexual function effects. Would buy again. Verified purchase from Singapore.
Good all round. PT-141 10mg appears to be dosed correctly based on observed sexual function effects. Would buy again. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Good all round. PT-141 10mg appears to be dosed correctly based on observed sexual function effects. Would buy again. Verified purchase from Czech Republic.
Fast dispatch, proper cold chain, and PT-141 10mg reconstituted perfectly. libido results match the literature exactly. Verified purchase from Netherlands.
Fast dispatch, proper cold chain, and PT-141 10mg reconstituted perfectly. libido results match the literature exactly. Verified purchase from Netherlands.
Outstanding vendor. Melanotan II purity is verifiable, shipping was 2 days, and melanogenesis effects are undeniable at week 4. Verified purchase from Belgium.
Outstanding vendor. Melanotan II purity is verifiable, shipping was 2 days, and melanogenesis effects are undeniable at week 4. Verified purchase from Belgium.
Incredible results with PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg. After 6 weeks I noticed significant improvements in central arousal pathway. Will definitely reorder.
Verified purchase — Austria
Outstanding vendor. Melanotan II purity is verifiable, shipping was 2 days, and UV protection effects are undeniable at week 4. Verified purchase from New Zealand.
Outstanding vendor. Melanotan II purity is verifiable, shipping was 2 days, and UV protection effects are undeniable at week 4. Verified purchase from New Zealand.
Melanotan II is doing the job. libido is the primary outcome I track and it is trending the right way after 6 weeks. Verified purchase from Canada.
Melanotan II is doing the job. libido is the primary outcome I track and it is trending the right way after 6 weeks. Verified purchase from Canada.
As a researcher, I’m very particular about purity. The COA for PT-141 (Bremelanotide) 10mg checked out perfectly at 99.2%. Excellent product.
Verified purchase — Canada
Impressed by the professionalism. PT-141 10mg came with full COA, proper cold packaging, and sexual function results are measurable. Verified purchase from Italy.
Impressed by the professionalism. PT-141 10mg came with full COA, proper cold packaging, and sexual function results are measurable. Verified purchase from Italy.
Product quality seems fine but Melanotan II took longer than expected to show UV protection results. Will continue the protocol. Verified purchase from Singapore.
Product quality seems fine but Melanotan II took longer than expected to show UV protection results. Will continue the protocol. Verified purchase from Singapore.
Solid source. PT-141 10mg was packaged correctly and sexual function effects are exactly what the preclinical literature predicts. Verified purchase from Finland.
Solid source. PT-141 10mg was packaged correctly and sexual function effects are exactly what the preclinical literature predicts. Verified purchase from Finland.